Abstract Affirmative Free Essays

Theoretical confirmed (AA) activity is an arrangement that the legislature made for checking oppression individuals. This occurred for the explanation of introducing individuals the possibility of increasing equivalent open doors for work training and business. A considerable lot of our proper presidents has approved official requests that was intended for all recruiting to be liberated from segregation of race, shading, or national starting point with all administration temporary workers and the other explicitly for affiliations that had acknowledged government agreements and subcontracts expected to end separation inside the workforce towards people where the attention was on race, shading, religion, and national cause. We will compose a custom exposition test on Dynamic Affirmative or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Not long after governmental policy regarding minorities in society was changed to incorporate no partiality against ones sexual orientation. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society therefore settled special treatment towards all minorities and ladies in the employing procedure and the opportunity to get an advanced education. governmental policy regarding minorities in society considers private bosses responsible also. during the social equality development attestation activity was an apparatus that proposed open doors for ladies and minorities and to give fairness to them. there are noted changes in how universities select and enlist understudies lodging and furthermore how utilizing open transportation where presently blacks can settle down anyplace since Rosa Parks. Since governmental policy regarding minorities in society was fundamentally planned on improving possibilities for African Americans in business and instruction yet there is as yet a low level of progress that is the reason an official request was marked and it required all legislature and private industry occupations to build the quantity of ladies handicap people and minorities to either get work or to be able to increase instruction or have extra preparing for work upgrade. There are various association that utilizes governmental policy regarding minorities in society and equivalent work opportunity strategies inside their business structure there is as yet a contention today encompassing these issues. I investigated to check whether equivalent work opportunity and governmental policy regarding minorities in society strategies mean something very similar. equivalent work opportunity definition is that it bans a wide range of separation. this implies regardless of the race or sexual orientation everybody has a similar possibility of acquiring and getting advancements and the additional motivating force of preparing as the workforce keeps on developing. However, at that point governmental policy regarding minorities in society center around past segregation acts which were intended to give ladies, debilitated people, and minorities an equivalent balance in picking up work and an advanced education. it was to make uniformity between the laborers and businesses anyway it has caused additional affliction in the workforce. since many accepted that occupations held by whites were being imperiled. has governmental policy regarding minorities in society been reliably and adequately used to make an increasingly hearty and beneficial workforce I would state yes; governmental policy regarding minorities in society has made it feasible for some to see and procure their ideal objectives, for example, their life dreams. I feel that there are as yet numerous impediments yet in the event that one puts forth a concentrated effort there are no constraints. Barak Obama was our nation’s first dark president and there are numerous who hold unmistakable positions of authority that which additionally incorporates ladies. as of late in the news it was reported that the FBI without precedent for history may have a lady heading this division. in spite of the fact that governmental policy regarding minorities in society has made considerable progress there are the individuals who despite everything separate and don’t offer equivalent possibilities for others to succeed. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society has permitted the workforce to turn out to be progressively various in races sexual orientations and societies. we should recollect that the governmental policy regarding minorities in society isn't tied in with giving minorities to gain admittance to school or to find a new line of work yet it’s about giving qualified people regardless of their race an opportunity that they may not get something else. taking everything into account has governmental policy regarding minorities in society been reliably and adequately used to make a progressively vigorous and profitable workforce I would state yes it has worked very well. I want to see it proceed in light of the fact that there are a lot more who could profit by this program. Step by step instructions to refer to Abstract Affirmative, Papers

Essay about Case Communication and Group

Article about Case Communication and Group Article about Case: Communication and Group Video Case Paper Nicole Young Psy/430 October 25, 2013 Robin Goins Video Case Paper Video Case One: Sociology Gathering Members Communication and Diversity Styles While seeing this video we watch a nearby college’s humanism office endeavoring to concoct which classes they ought to for the up and coming term. The gathering or group is comprised of 2 females and 3 guys. This gathering is in a conversation with every individual sharing their thoughts and perspectives. In watching this gathering we can see that it has tremendous blend of thoughts and people we can likewise perceive how their associations, permit them to discuss effectively with each other. The gathering chief ensures that each individual’s point is recognized by others in the gathering so they can prevail with regards to speaking with each other. All through the video we additionally observed that the pioneer helped keep every part on their set way or perspective assisting with preventing every part from forgetting about their target when different individuals are talking neither here nor there. With the whole member’s endeavors and aptitudes, for example, how well they know their colleague, their insight into the conversation subject, the make up of the whole group, and implicit standards helped the whole gathering the capacity to relate effectively from inside. Since both male and females were spoken to in the gathering there was assorted variety in see focuses which didn't form into a snag when the gathering endeavored to talk as one. A gathering that is

What You Need to Know About Informative Essay Writing

What You Need to Know About Informative Essay WritingInformative essay writing is a good way to earn extra credit in college. But there are a lot of reasons why you might want to write an essay, and if you already have your master's degree, it can be helpful in many ways, especially when you know how to make an informative essay stand out from the rest.A typical master's degree course consists of 60 credit hours, which means that there is an average length for each of the required courses. Most people think that if they don't spend all of their time writing an essay, they will be able to complete their degree in just six years. However, students who have taken introductory level classes understand that the amount of writing they do in their first year is not going to amount to much in terms of total credits.By the time they get to their advanced classes, however, the average student has already written several hundred words. Now, that's a huge number of words, and an essay is one of the most important parts of a master's degree. In fact, it is not even the only thing that students need to write for their classes, because even after they have received their degrees, they still need to get jobs in order to support themselves.For that reason, they need to make sure that they have written their research papers, whether they have had to write the papers to demonstrate their competence or just to impress their prospective employers. If you can make an informative essay that will be read by anyone, it can be helpful, but if you also have something that is memorable, that other people will remember, then that can be even more helpful.Many potential employers will look at the composition of an essay. The first thing that they look for is an essay that is organized and written in a clear and concise manner. Most students do not know how to do this, but knowing how to structure a sentence can help you stand out.Here is a typical sample: I am a consumer in need of product X. I need to compare the prices of competing product Y, a different product that I am looking forward to trying.This first key point is very important, but it is also the shortest and most direct part of the essay. So, if you really want to make an informative essay, you need to make sure that you make this first part clear and simple. Even if you do not know how to put together a thesis statement, knowing how to structure sentences is not something that you can learn in a single class.You will find that all different college types will expect different things from you. Some schools will ask you to read your essay out loud, and some may also need you to explain why you like something. Both of these different requirements are because a great essay can stand out in any class, and you will be able to stand out in each of them.

The Event That Changed My Life Essay - 537 Words

Describe an event from your past and how it shaped you as a person. nbsp; Im a victim, I thought. The books were closed. The papers were signed. It was official. The next school year, I would enter the fifth grade -- again. nbsp; I knew I was gifted and capable of more, but after we moved from urban Oklahoma City to Tulsa before the fourth grade, my intelligence was meaningless. Suburban-school luxuries like computers, advanced math, and special ways to learn English flooded my brain. Homework was an afterthought. nbsp; Homework was not an afterthought to my fifth grade teacher, however. With her annoying, dogged persistency, Mrs. Thomas gave me zero slips whenever I forgot an assignment. She was on a†¦show more content†¦Tears welled up in my eyes but anger manifest itself instead. Its not fair. My grades may be bad, I grumbled angrily, but Im NOT stupid. nbsp; Yet stupidly, I refused to ask for help. nbsp; Stupidly, I let the entire year pass me by. nbsp; The end of school came eventually, and I abandoned dreams of the sixth grade. Luckily, I was transferring to another elementary school, but this offered me little consolation. Only dummies have to repeat a grade. nbsp; The final bell rang, and students erupted in a joyful chorus of cheers as summer break began. I sang a melancholy dirge of self-pity. My bitterness increased as I waited for my mother to pick me up. She came at last and I jumped up, anxious to leave forever. Again, Mrs. Thomas thwarted my plans; she came outside to talk to my mother, undoubtedly about my ignominious fate. As they murmured, I viewed the co-conspirators with hostile eyes. Im a victim, the final sigh of my fifth grade year whispered wearily. nbsp; Before I could escape, she had to heighten my torture with a few words of wisdom and the obligatory good-bye. I ignored her words as she stood before me. Her words had not averted this horrible moment. I prayed that she was done, but soon she had her arms around me. Not strangling my incorrigible neck, but hugging my ten-year old shoulders. nbsp; I remember few details of this hug. First,Show MoreRelatedEvent Changed My Life1514 Words   |  7 PagesI want to share with you five things that I implemented into my life that created amazing, compounding change, and completely shifted the direction and energy of my life. I came to them through reading, talking with others, and taking an honest look at my circumstances and the chain of events that led me to be where I was. I was discouraged by the drudgery, loneliness, and lack of direction I found embedded in my day to day experience. I used the wisdom and experience of many to create a plan ofRead MoreWhat Event Changed My Life?1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhat event changed my life? That s not really a hard question. The event that changed my life was when I stood up to my father and started to defy his logic. Sure every teenager defies their parents every once and awhile. But my family wasn t like most normal families. Maybe it would be best if I started from the very beginning . I was about five years old at the time when my mother and father got a divorce for reasons I did not know since I was only a child. He may have visited or not I do notRead MoreThe Event That Changed My Life Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages There have been very few events throughout my lifetime that I feel have impacted or inspired me with such noteworthiness and that I know will change my outlook on the world and affect me forever. One of those events occurred when I traveled to Portugal, my parent’s homeland. From this excursion in 2007, I learned the importance of family, most importantly the distant kind. It provided me with a totally different perspective on the world and how large and extended one’s family can really be; evenRead MoreEssay on A Literacy Event that Changed my Life667 Words   |  3 PagesA Literacy Event that Changed my Life All my life I have been a lazy person, doing just enough to get by. Most of the time, in high school, I was content with just a â€Å"C†. The only time I wasn’t, was if it was a class I liked, and I paid attention to. If this was the case, I could have received a 99% on a test and been dissatisfied. But, for the rest of my classes, which were most of my classes, that I didn’t like, I never paid attention to or did homework, and I still managed to do wellRead MoreAn Event That Changed My Attitude Towards Life1556 Words   |  7 PagesAn accident last year changed my attitude towards life . That accident had a great impact on me , it taught me to treasure what i have and to treasure those people around me more . Although the accident was not life threatening , it was still the scariest thing i had ever been through in life . It was an accident that no one would have expected and wanted it to happen . The accident happened sometime last year during the june holidays , while i was having my council annual camp . It was theRead MoreMy Family: The Event That Changed My Life Essay example1214 Words   |  5 Pagesremember seeing my dads truck pull down our driveway at a very early hour in the day. Oh wait, it was a Thursday, and if my mom noticed his predictable habit of coming home on Thursday mornings, nothing may have happened. Its so weird how that it was that long ago my mom finally decided to leave him, and yet he acts the exact same way he did then, if not worse than he does now. nbsp; I ran to the bathroom because I knew exactly what was going to happen. First my dad would ask why my moms friendsRead MoreEssay on The Most Important Event in my Life, and How It Changed Me505 Words   |  3 Pages The most important event in my life has been attending MASC’s summer leadership camp in 2012 and 2013. Those ten days were perhaps the most beneficial days of my life. MASC stands for Missouri Association of Student Councils. Since I joined our school’s Student Council my senior year, I had the opportunity to attend their summer camp. When I arrived, as a Level 1 camper, I was overwhelmed by all the other crazy and outgoing campers. I didn’t know how I was going to fit in since I was shy aroundRead MoreLife Changing Events898 Words   |  4 PagesLIFE CHANGING EVENTS In this essay you had the option to choose a life event that has changed you. But I chose to give a list of events that has made me who I am instead of just one event that changed a little part about me. This essay will show what has happened in my life for me to be the way I am to this day. This is me. First of all there was my grade seven camp. Although I have an unclear recollection of the camp I still remember the important bits. One thing which I know forRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Life885 Words   |  4 Pagesto you that changed your life forever? Something that you will never forget. It’s something that makes you who you are whether it is good or bad to makes you special. I know it’s hard to believe that one event could change your whole life but I promise you it can. A major life changing event happened to me on July 20th, 2011. This is the day that my youngest sister Carly was born. On this day my whole life was changed and it will never be the same again. July 20th I said good bye to my old self andRead MoreTragic Events in The novel Montana 1948 by Larry Watson Essay626 Words   |  3 Pagesindeed all about the tragic event of David Hayden’s twelfth summer, which irrevocably changed him. These events help us understand the idea of coming of age and how childhood experiences change us and affect how we define ourselves as adults. Montana 1948 is set in a small country town in Mercer County, Montana called Bentrock. The story is about a young boy David Hayden who couldn’t be happier.âÅ"” But one afternoon when David eavesdropped on his parents, his life changed forever. He tells us in the

Most Of The Time People Wake Up And Do There Normal Morning

Most of the time people wake up and do there normal morning routine without thinking much about it. Why is it that we don’t question the things we do on a normal basis? Why do we do the things we do? Growing up we are told and taught things that are accepted by society. One of those things is that after high school, graduates are supposed to go to college. Ken Saxon speaks about this in his essay â€Å"What do you do with a B.A. in History?†. Ken argues that most students in college go because that is what society says they should do, without giving much thought to why they are going to college, and what they want out of that experience. Throughout the essay Saxon speaks about the purpose of a college education, how to look at college†¦show more content†¦He introduces to the audience a concern he has about taking a pre-professional approach to college. One argument he has is how can anyone know what fields will be paying the best in the future with a market th at is constantly revolving. One example he uses is the large amount of people that wanted to join Internet startups in the 90’s, which later ended up not being so good. That’s how markets work though. People and money follow what is trending creating these competitive markets that later lead to a decline causing people to move on to the next trend. Another example he uses is that a doctor spends a decade learning about things that could change once they complete their residency. This creates a cycle of uncertainty. Saxon explains that as a hiring manager of his business he didn’t look for people who had a specific degree. Instead he searched for people who had the ability to be leaders, people who were dedicated to their work and could communicate, and had the ability to create relationships with other people. He once thought that employers only pick people with certain college degrees that pertain to their company. However through his own experience he realized that isn’t the case. He shared his story about how he applied for a finance job to the worlds largest real estate development company and surprising got hired even though he was a European History major. Next Saxon askedShow MoreRelatedPutting the Insomniac to Sleep655 Words   |  3 Pagessurvival as human beings. Growing up I have always heard that we all need at least 8 hours of sleep to function properly the following morning. However, it has been researched that if your normal sleep habit falls between 5 to 7 and you wake refreshed and rested the following morning, this is perfectly fine. Normally we spend approximately one-third of our lives sleeping. That’s a lot of sleep, but without sleep there would be no survival. Although this may be true for most, it is but a well wished fantasyRead MoreEffects of Sleep Deprivation on Teens and Young Adults1085 Words   |  5 PagesIt had been a long week at school. I arrive on Friday morning feeling awful. Thankfully , there were only seven more dreadful hours until I was done. The second the 8th period bell rang, I quickly grabbed my belongings from my locker and got into the comfort of my car. I was driving with the heat on medium, the music on low volume, and both hands on the steering wheel. The next thing I know, I felt a heavy thump as my car had drifted into the rear driver-side door of a Toyota Sienna in the lane toRead MoreEvery morning I wake up at the last minute. I press snooze from the moment my alarm goes off at700 Words   |  3 Pages Every morning I wake up at the last minute. I press snooze from the moment my alarm goes off at 6:50 a.m. to 7:45 a.m. I go to bed early, but I can’t seem to get enough sleep. Teens are supposed to sleep for at least eight to nine hours every night. Having school start at 8:30 a.m. doesn’t help because teens like me have to work at night. After work I get home late and have homework to do before school the next morning, which keeps me up past midnight sometimes. Studies show that even getting aRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Waking Up1087 Words   |  5 PagesDo you love a commercial that tells you something will work in a split of a second or when you eat or drink a product it will make you skinny or fat? Here is a little story about a commercial of the Intel 360 replay. Their slogan is, it makes everything look epic. Tom Brady (A Super Bowl Champion) wakes up and yawns, brushes his teeth, makes pancakes and as he tosses the pancake in the pan it falls down and he and the dog looks at the fallen pancake and Brady grabs it as the dog is also running toRead MoreDelayed Sleep Phase Disorder ( Dspd )1557 Words   |  7 PagesDisorder Commonly known as Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (DSPD) and other names, is a disorder in which the persons internal body clock is not in sync with the morning-rise evening-sleep pattern of the majority of people. Individuals with this disorder are not able to sleep and wake at the times that are regulated by normal work and school hours. They usually get enough sleep to keep them at a functional level through the day but not enough to be considered â€Å"well rested†. Polysomnography andRead MoreThe Sun Is The Only Star964 Words   |  4 PagesThe sun that sends out light to our world is not considered as sun in the evening; it is called as a star in general because of its structure and history which most of the stars in the universe similarly have. The sun is a naturally giant star that contains many elements, and magnetically sucks everything that is close by into its body. Moreover, this almost-spherical star, along with its strong gravity, consists of the fire a nd lava that are made from the elements, burns and melts down all of theRead MoreDescription Of A Circadian Rhythm1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe brain’s master clock; which coordinates smaller body clocks that govern the behavior of cells throughout the body. The suprachiasmatic nuclei is a tiny patch of around 200,000 neurons. Nearly every cell in the human body keeps time by its own means; they keep time locally, helping them figure out when to use energy, rest, repair DNA, or replicate. Taking light as its cue, the master clock determines a continuous cycle of physiological change within cells; this includes the production of hormonesRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Experiencing Chronic Pain1303 Words   |  6 Pages If person tends to wake up in between the sleep in the night this means that they will remember the dream once they wake up other then for those who do not wake up during the night they are going to most likely forget their dreams in the morning when they aw ake. Oscroft added, â€Å" few sleepless nights or nights with very little sleep would also result in a night full of vivid dreams† (Kaur). Therefore the very few hours the sleeper gets to sleep during the night they are most likely to have very vividRead MoreSleep Disorders and their Cause Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesSleeping Disorders: What it is Sleep disorders are caused by sleeping too much in the daytime, or it may also be caused by medical conditions. It can be physiological or psychological reasons. Sometimes we can have problems with sleeping. But it is only normal if it is sometimes. If it happens repeatedly then it is a problem it might be you are experiencing a sleeping disorder. There are many are many forms of sleeping disorders and causes. It can have a negative problem on you. You can experience energyRead MoreSchool Should Start Later1670 Words   |  7 PagesOn average in today’s society most teens don’t like going to school that early in the morning. To have to wake up so early when they only get about seven hours of sleep, to have students be coming into school at 7:30AM or maybe even earlier in some other schools, is not right. Students need to have time at night to get work done, not only schoolwork but also non-schoolwork. Needless to say, the school schedule for high school students needs to be changed and be made where they go in later. That way

Shelleys Frankenstein and Wildes The Picture of Dorian Grey

What makes a man a monster Stories of monsters have captivated readers attention since the very beginning even though the definition of what a monster is perceived to be is complex and vague. The word monster and its meaning in today’s culture is very opinionated. Most people think of monsters in an evil sense because of what todays pop-culture has depicted a monster out to be. Shelley’s and Wilde’s intentions for monsters were not to be taken out of context from how they originated. Shelly and Wilde saw monsters in the people and in the world surrounding them. Upon viewing this they recognized the true fear of determining ones identity. Once they viewed this event through the eyes of the people, they deemed necessary that they should provide a lesson by writing Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Gray. The lesson of the two books are that if the creator can not handle the responsibilities of the creation process, then the creation will fail. If the creation fails, then ultimately the creator fails and the true colors of mankind are shown. In the novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, the main character is Dorian Gray. Gray’s persona is contradictory to itself in a way that one may not begin to comprehend him and his values, as not only a person but as a human being . Hes good, he is bad; he is beautiful, he is hideous; he is perfect, he is incredibly flawed. Most importantly, he is literally two things at once he is himself, a living, breathing humanShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast The Picture Of Dorian Gray And Frankenstein701 Words   |  3 PagesOscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Grey, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, are considered classics in modern literature, as they are known for their captivating plot lines and unique writing styles. While both novels share similarities in their use of syntax, as well as their overall structure, The Picture of Dorian Grey and Frankenstein are almost complete opposites when it come s to the execution of these elements. The use of syntax in The Picture of Dorian Grey and Frankenstein are utilized for

Managing Employee Relations Business Organisations

Question: Describe about the Managing Employee Relations for Business Organisations. Answer: Introduction Management of employee relations refers to the ways in which organizations use to control the interactions with their workers so as to achieve the goals and objectives of the company (Millward, Brewerton, 2015). The methods used by the company should be properly analyzed since a wrong choice of the strategy may cause employees to have a negative attitude towards the organization. Key events/issues the case raises and their significance regarding Employment Relations Being a member of union groups According to the Pasta company case, Terry, sales supervisor, had not been a member of any union group for the past 13 years of working. The union groups help employees in various ways such as assisting workers to resolve workplace issues. They are advocates of the employees by ensuring that they meet the minimum obligations (Gall, G. Ed. 2016). If Terry had been in a workers union, then they would have helped him when the problem occurred in his workplace. The New South Wales Award and the Commercial Travelers Award were concerned with matters concerning employee wages, working hours and conditions. However, issues concerning workplace laws, discrimination policies and rights were not considered. Individual contracts that are given by the new human resource manager (HRM) Once the new HRM was appointed, he brought about disruption to the entire sales staff by issuing them with individual contracts which stated that they were to go to probation for six months before confirmation of their continuing employment status. It seemed to be an insult to workers such as Terry who had worked for approximately 13 years. Probation is a management tool useful in coaching new employees, those with problems in work and also training employees in new positions (Madhusudhan, Nagarajamurthy, 2015). However, this was not applicable for Terry and seemed to cause a big issue to the sales staff. Sales staff declined to sign the initiative contracts The new HRM experienced a hard time when all employees refused to sign the contracts he had offered to them. It shows that they were unhappy and were not willing to co-operate with this initiative. Eventually, the manager had to withdraw the contracts, but this issue affected Pasta Company negatively. Terry and some of his colleagues remained but did not work to their best as earlier. Other employees left Pasta Company for rival companies. Significances in regarding employee relations (Fossum, J. A. 2014) identifies the following significant ideas in regarding poor employee relations; Employees raise attention to the management. Declining to sign the probation contracts attracted the HR staff towards the sales workers. It became a matter of interest. Improvement of ideas. The management within a period of about five months considered dropping the initiative plan after realizing it would not work well. Engagement of employees. The management will involve the workers to decide on what is best for the firm. Confidence and morale. Sales officers of Pasta Company were able to unite and rejected the initiative. Others became confident enough to leave Pasta Company for it was not valuing its employees relations. For a business strategy like Pasta Co.s to work, what sort of changes would you expect to see in employment practices? Involvement in the implementation process-Pasta Co has to involve managers, workers, and directors in decision making. During this process, it will be easier to understand if the initiative will work or not. Use of vertical communication -The HR manager should hold an open meeting to explain to the sales staff about the initiative. He must mention why he thinks it is important for the firm. Organizational culture- The HR manager should encourage employees to accept changes in the organization for it promotes a good organizational culture. Do you think Terrys right to be skeptical? What sort of risks or challenges do Pasta Co managers face in trying to implement a new business strategy and make changes to employment practices as well? Terry was not a skeptic person; he was decided since he called his colleagues and organized a meeting with the sales manager to raise concerns to the senior management. Managers face the following challenges when implementing new strategies; Resistance from the employees- employees fear changes in the organization and most decline to accept change (Hon, Bloom, Crant, 2014). The loss in productivity- the new initiatives imposed to a firm such as Pasta Co may discourage employees who may opt to quit their jobs and move to the competing firms. Those who remain have low morale which causes a decline in productivity of the organization. Business failure- if the initiative introduced is too hostile to the employees, they may all quit jobs, organize strikes or fail to adhere to the policies of the initiative. At the long-run, if the business does not withdraw the project, possible losses will occur and may be shut down. Looking at the key issues the case raises, discuss what steps organizations might take to resolve this problem and minimize the likelihood of it arising in future. Terry and other employees in the sales department are not willing to co-operate with the new HRM. There is a conflict between the two. The Human Resource team should find an appropriate method to resolve this dispute. (Goetsch Davis 2014) explains that the following six steps which the management can use to encounter the problem; Clarification on the disagreement The management of Pasta Company should call the sales staff for a meeting to understand the situation. The meeting should be in a quiet place where everyone feels free to talk. This act will facilitate constructive conversations and honest communication. The appropriate time is allocated for the meeting since it is hard to solve complex disagreements within fifteen minutes (Hales, S. D. 2014).Each member will then have time to speak his or her issues so that the HR department can note down as the agenda of the meeting. Establishing a common goal of the organization After knowing what the disagreement is all about, the chair of the meeting should remind the employees as well as the HR staff that they should work towards achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. The interests of both parties are pulled to a common place. Employees provide labor and skills while the company provides wages and factors of production to assist in making the firm produce quality products to the public (Farndale, Pai, Sparrow, Scullion, 2014).For each party to get its reward, it must work towards achieving the objectives of the company for profit maximization. Discussing on methods to meet the common goal Now that each party understands the goals of the firm, the chairperson should decide what they should do to achieve their targets. Decisive acting and keeping the communication open is advised here. At the end of this stage, there will be established guidelines on reaching the best for the company. Focus on the barriers to organization success It simply focuses on the conflict. Both sides of the party will recommend on what should be done to eliminate the barrier. In our case, the sales staff will request the HR management to do away with the project. Similarly, the management will consider the same since the initiative does not apply to long-term workers like Terry. Formulate an agreement suitable for all It is the duty of the chairperson in a meeting to ensure that the conflicting parties have resolved and come up to an agreement (Gheorghe, M?da, S?ftoiu, 2015).A win-win outcome is recommended to avoid an occurrence of another dispute. The parties should come to a conclusion, pick favorable implementations and do away with the barriers of the organizations success. Acknowledgment and establishing responsibilities Now that the problem is solved, the staff is required to get back to the duties assigned. The ideas discussed can be summarized and recorded for reference. There should be no more misunderstanding between the employees and the HR management. Conclusion Management of employee relations is a duty of the Personnel and Human Resource departments. Employees should be treated fairly to avoid the emergence of an employee against management conflict as witnessed in the Pasta Company. A company which formulates its objective without considering the welfare and its relations with the employees is likely to cause a huge barrier towards the success of the business organization. Business organizations should also include workers representatives in planning and decision-making process. References Farndale, E., Pai, A., Sparrow, P., Scullion, H. (2014). Balancing individual and Organizational goals in global talent management: A mutual-benefits perspective. Journal of World Business, 49(2), 204-214. Fossum, J. A. (2014). Labor relations. McGraw Hill Higher Education. Gall, G. (Ed.). (2016). the future of union organizing: Building for tomorrow. Springer. Gheorghe, M., M?da, S., S?ftoiu, R. (2015). Decision-making process in some Romanian Workplace meetings. L'Analisi Linguistica e Letteraria 2008-2, 821. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Pearson. Hales, S. D. (2014). Motivations for Relativism as a Solution to Disagreements. Philosophy, 89(01), 63-82. Hon, A. H., Bloom, M., Crant, J. M. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing Creative performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 919-941. Madhusudhan, P. S., Nagarajamurthy, B. (2015). Concept of Probation. International Journal Of Innovative Research and Development|| ISSN 22780211, 4(8). Millward, L. J., Brewerton, P. M. (2015). Psychological Contracts: Employee Relations For The. Personnel Psychology and Human Resources Management: A Reader for Students and Practitioners, 377.

Comprehensive Guide on How to Prepare a Speech

â€Å"To speech or not to speech?†: Your Guide on How to Create a Speech There is nothing worse than staring at an empty screen and its painful to think how you can begin this speech. Especially if the deadline hangs over you dangerously.But try to approach the matter strategically. This guide could help many busy people prepare for the performances and bring out three simple steps that allow you to quickly move from making up speech to its utterance.Step 1. Its important to spend a few minutes thinking about what you want to achieve with your speech or presentation. As the one great man once remarked, If you do not know where you are going, you will be somewhere else. So for a few minutes, think about the following:What is this speech? Common types are informational (teaching, instructing), persuasive (your goal is to change peoples beliefs and behavior), emotional (aimed at emotional reaction).Who are your audience? What do they already know about this topic? What do they think is true and what is not? What do they want? What are they hoping for? What a re they afraid of?What should the audience feel? What do you want them to do? Choose 1-3 things that you want to convey to them (based on what they already know or believe in, what they hope for, what they want, what they fear, and what you want them to understand), which will then motivate them to do what you want from them? If possible, follow the three main points.Step 2. Organize the information. Psychology studies show that when you give people too much choice and too much information, attention is dissipated, and they eventually do not â€Å"buy† anything. When you expect from the audience that it will buy what you are saying, it is necessary that the ideas are as simple and uncomplicated as they could be. Here is an easy scheme that can be followed and that will keep the attention of the audience.Smart and attractive introduction. Make your audience be interested in you from the first minutes. Use a quote, story, question, statistical indicator something that will hoo k people as soon as possible.Briefly mention the main things. Let the audience understand what will be discussed.Summary of speech. Tell people what you just told them. (This is serious our memory is short, and our attention disappears quickly.)The audience will remember the best part is that they heard last. Complete unfinished thoughts, state the last inspiring conclusion that will encourage people to think and act differently, and end up with a spectacular and memorable statement. What is even better is that these last words should be sent to the beginning of the speech, then it will be perceived as fully completed.Step 3. Speak enthusiastically. Your task is not just to survive your speech, but to show empathy, humor, your style. Meet the listeners with your eyes, use gestures to generate energy, walk around the room (not too much), and let your voice and your face be alive: you must show that you are really worried about your theme and your audience. Do not stand still do som ething.

Privatization Of Airports Essays - Airport, Free Essays, Term Papers

Privatization Of Airports Essays - Airport, Free Essays, Term Papers Privatization Of Airports For 51 years Bergstrom Air Force Base was home to fighter pilots, bombers, troop carriers and reconnaissance jets. It was the first port of call for President Lyndon B. Johnson on his trips home to LBJ Country aboard Air Force One, it was where Chuck Yeager, the first pilot to break the sound barrier, once brought a disabled jet to rest in an emergency landing. In September 1993, in the path of military cutbacks Bergstrom Air Force Base was closed. But the timing was fortuitous, because the closure came as the city of Austin, Texas was considering where to build a new airport. In 1993, the expected economic loss to Austin from the Bergstrom closure was estimated at $406 million a year and a loss of some 1000 jobs. But with the possibility of utilizing the prior Bergstrom Air Force Base as an airport the Austin economy was expected to have an opportunity to rebound and even improve these results from the base closure by privatizing the airport. The trend worldwide toward airport privatization presents an exciting and dynamic opportunity for the flying public, governments, operators and investors. The overall success of privatization of airports has been seen by the sale of long-term leases for three of the largest airports in Australia for $2.6 billion. Following this success, the Government of Australia announced their plans to privatize fifteen more airports. Several Latin American airports already are in private hands. Major airports in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela are already concessioned or scheduled for privatization over the next two years. Smaller airports in Central America and the Caribbean also are to be privatized. In Europe, a significant number airports have been privatized and opportunities are imminent in Germany, Portugal and elsewhere. Governments in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the world over also are developing airport privatization plans. Why has this marked trend emerged and why did the city of Austin choose to act in this capacity? Governments in many cases do not have the financial capacity to invest in airport expansion as well as meet other needs of their citizens. They are recognizing that on one hand there are limits to their own knowledge of, and expertise, in managing airports; and, on the other, that such expertise can be provided by others with the effect of reducing costs, increasing revenues and improving services. An important objective in many instances is to increase competitiveness and enhance ability to attract economic development by improving airport facilities and obtaining additional air service. The private sector increasingly has come to view airports as an attractive investment; airports serve a dynamic growth industrycommercial aviationand represent essential infrastructure with a near monopoly. Qualified private airport operating companies have materialized and others will evolve, while successful public airport operators are seeking to expand to provide airport management servicesgenerally as part of broader investor groups. As a result, substantial numbers of airports will come to be operated by a worldwide network of airport operators. These worldwide operators will engage in healthy competition with each other to be efficient and offer superior services, and thus support the objectives of the investor groups in which they participate. The city of Austin expectations by privatizing were: h Accountability. Private contractors are paid for results. This gives them an unwavering focus on performance that can rarely be sustained in a public agency. Moreover, private contractors operate under the very real possibility that if their performance is found lacking, the contract may end. This accountability is transferred directly to employees who must deliver top-notch performance to preserve their position in a private organization. h Performance-based Compensation. Just as private contractors are paid based on results, they can base employee compensation on performance. Contractors can pay bonuses for exceptional performance and give merit increases alone rather than longevity-based pay increments. This elicits greater productivity and effectiveness from staff. h Management Expertise. Contractors develop expertise to compete effectively. They hire well-known experts and develop management structures geared toward continuous improvements in performance. h Flexibility. Private contractors have the flexibility to respond quickly to changing program requirements or evolving needs of organizations. They can acquire new technology, obtain new equipment, reorganize offices, and/or adjust staffing

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Review - Article Example The main purpose of this article is, therefore, to provide information regarding integrity and reliability measures within healthcare institutions. It further looks at how they apply in a clinical setup. It will further outline the approaches used to collect relevant integrity and reliability data. Based on the Scientific Merit Rating Scale, this study has a rating of four. This rating is attributed to a single subject design that has more than three participants. Four people are part of the study research. The type of measurement is continuous with no calibration data of any kind; it has a reliability of over 80%. Several evaluators who were part of the research by using psychometrically sufficient instruments further confirmed the diagnosis. To collect the data, direct behavioral observation to show the reaction of various patients based on the types of treatments that they received was conducted. The responses showed that the patients could easily maintain their composure and record their conditions before commencing treatment; however, after the treatment their conditions changed, and they were no longer in a position to maintain their composure. The rate of this response was over 90%. The criterion for the various tasks was outlined using several specific details. The study showed an average procedural integrity score of 75%. This was determined using a checklist of various sessions. An SMRS rating of three can be given to the author if this article sessions. The three participants in this study had various conditions, and the nurses gave them distinct treatments to establish their independent reactions. Each change in the treatment process resulted in a different reaction in each patient. There were some common factors among the patients; all of them were ill and had the ability to fill in their reports at the beginning of the exercise. This study can be termed as being generalized.

War in Vietnam, The Opium War, and World War I Essay

War in Vietnam, The Opium War, and World War I - Essay Example In the 1970s, the globe averaged 31 wars each year. In the 1980s, the globe averaged more than 40 wars each year. In the 1990s, the globe averaged more than 40 wars each year. In 1992, the world hit a peak of 51-armed conflicts going on simultaneously. In 2002, there are 38-armed conflicts under way.Most of these conflicts since 1945 have been in the Global South and most have been civil wars (Kegley and Wittkopf 2004). The Vietnam War, Opium war, and the World War 1 were some of the bloodiest and most complicated war in human history. The people and governments involved in these conflicts found it hard to resolve the war easily because of their underlying deep-rooted causes. Some of the countries involved resort to conflict for varied reasons, but mostly fought for nationalism. Most North Vietnamese fought for their national interest while the U.S. fought for the preservation of Democracy. During the Opium War, the Chinese fought to defend their country from the harsh effects of opium trade while the British fought to preserve their colonial and economic interest. Moreover, the underlying causes of World War 1 were the intense nationalism that permeated Europe throughout the 19th and into the 20th century, the political and economic rivalry among nations, and the military buildup that occurred after 1871, when Germany emerged as a great world power (Harvey 2005). The differences in the goals for g oing into war of these countries contributed to the difficulty in achieving peace among them. The main reason why the war in Vietnam is difficult to contain is that it was caused by many conflicts in the past. The American involvement and the Vietnam War did not happen overnight. The Vietnam War developed as a sequel to the struggle (1946-54) between the French, who were the rulers of Indochina before World War II, and the Communist-led Viet Minh, or League for the Independence of Vietnam, founded and headed by the revolutionary leader. Ho Chi Minh. Having emerged as the strongest of the nationalist groups that fought the Japanese occupation of French Indochina during World War II, the league was determined to resist the reestablishment of French colonial rule and to implement political and social changes (Harvey 2005). Following the surrender of Japan to the Allies in August 1945, Viet Minh guerrillas seized the capital city of Hanoi and forced the abdication of Emperor. Bao Dai. On September 2, they declared Vietnam independent and announced the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, commonly called North Vietnam, with Ho Chi Minh as president. France officially recognized the new state, but the subsequent inability of the Viet Minh and France to reach satisfactory political and economic agreements led to armed conflict beginning in December 1946. With French backing Bao Dai set up the state of Vietnam, commonly called South Vietnam, on July 1, 1949, and established a new capital at Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) (Harvey 2005). In most wars, the North Vietnamese were fighting for their nationalism and defending their land while the

Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College Essay Example for Free

Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College Essay The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, [Paul Weeks] says. Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, [Karen Cheser] says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks.

The Art Of War :: essays research papers

The pounding of shells, the mines, the death traps, the massive, blind destruction, the acrid stench of rotting flesh, the communal graves, the charred bodies, and the fear. These are the images of war. War has changed over the centuries from battles of legions of ironclad soldiers enveloped in glimmering armor fighting for what they believe to senseless acts of guerrilla warfare against those too coward to be draft-dodgers. Those who were there, who experienced the terror first hand were deeply effected and changed forever. In their retinas, images of blood and gore are burned for the rest of their life. It has been said that there is no point in the "pretty, flowery, pastel" art that makes a person feel good. It doesn’t have any use, for the artist or the observer. Art is supposed to deal with emotion. It is one thing that helps people heal, not only by seeing, but also by doing. Art is able to take all the bad emotions, all the hurts and pains and lets you express them. It is no wonder that many that have seen the destruction of war have turned to art. You don’t see any "pretty pictures" of war. I’d like you to find one pretty aspect of war. There is none, so therefore, war, as a subject for art, is hardly ever pretty. The stories that they write, the paintings that they paint, the pictures that they take, are usually horrific scenes. Only rarely do we see pictures of triumph (i.e. raising the flag at Iwo Jima) but those scenes take place only after the aftermath. It is also no wonder that many war artists actually use their talent only during and after war. They use their art as a place for catharsis. Only after they are done healing the torment of the war, they can be done with art. One artist in World War One, Braque, fought in 1914, a year later he was wounded. During his convalescence, he painted. A year later he returned to his home. He left not a single drawing or canvas alluding to what he had been through and no representation of the war is present in his work. He made himself a fresh start, like others did. Many painted and drew what they saw and lived through. From the sketchbooks of pencil drawings done at the warfront to the canvases painted on returning home, theirs is an intense and accurate testimony.

Accounting Essay

Contents 1. Introduction2 2. Main Body2 2. 1 Ratio Analysis2 2. 1. 1 Profitability3 2. 1. 2 Efficiency4 2. 1. 3 Liquidity6 2. 1. 4 Risk7 2. 2 Evaluation of Mulberry’s shares as a potential investment7 2. 2. 1 Revenue and Share price8 2. 2. 2 Return10 2. 2. 3 Risk14 2. 3 Funding and capital analysis15 2. 3. 1 Funding analysis15 2. 3. 2 Working capital18 2. 4 Risk management and governance20 2. 4. 1 Corporate governance of Mulberry20 2. 4. 1 Risk & control management22 2. 4. 3 Information and Communication24 2. 4. 4 Monitoring24 3. Conclusion25 Reference26 1. IntroductionThe company that we chose is Mulberry Group. PLC. This is a company that produces and sells bags and purses, as well as designs them for both individuals and other companies. We have chosen the annual report of Mulberry Group. PLC that gives us an in-depth view of the company’s finance performance, investment potential, capital structure and manage operating during the period of time which from financial year 2010 to 2011. With this annual report, we will try to analyze and critically appraise the company’s accounting information, market report and management control system.The following content will be included in this paper: Ratio analysis, investment return, debt and capital analysis, governance and risk management. 2. Main Body 2. 1 Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is frequently used in evaluating a company’s financial condition. The financial ratios are able to provide us significant information to analyse the company’s financial performance. Depends on these ratios, we can examine the condition of the company’s finance and check whether the results of the company’s operating meet its targets (Atrill and Mclaney, 2008).Normally, we will use cash flow, income statement and finance position to calculate ratios. In the ratio analysis parts, we will calculate and analyse the core ratios of Mulberry plc, these ratios will also be the base of the follo wing parts of this article. According to Mulberry’s annual report, during the financial year 2010 to 2011, the company has experienced a successful year. Mulberry Group’s business mainly focused on the UK market, and the revenues of this company comprised retail and income of design, as the demand of its products increased strongly during the past financial year, the sales raise rapidly.In this part, we will try to analyze the core ratios of the company and simply analyze the probable reason for the changes of these ratios. 2. 1. 1 Profitability To analyse a company’s profitability, there are three ratios concerned: gross margin, net margin and return on capital employed (Collier, 2009). Firstly, we will look into gross margin. This margin mainly shows the relations between the costs and the price of finished goods. Gross margin (2011: 65. 35%; 2010:58. 97%) Gross margin is: (Sales – cost of sales)/sales * 100% The gross margin in 2011: 79501 / 121645*100 %=65. 35 % The gross margin in 2010:42487 /72052*100%=58. 7 % From the ratio, we can see that the gross margin of Mulberry increased to 65. 35% in 2011 from 58. 97% in 2010. The reasons that can cause changes in gross margin is the changes in prices and costs. In Mulberry’s case, the higher gross margin results from the dramatic improvement in revenue as well as cost of sales. According to Note 5, apart from the growth in sale of goods which caused by the impressive performance in new oversea stores and online stores, the 900,000 income, which disclosed in other income, received on the exit of the New Bond Street lease also contributes to the increase in revenue.Net margin (2011:18. 92%; 2010:6. 74%) Net margin is an important ratio to examine a company’s profitability. The formula is: Net margin=Operating profit / sales * 100%, and the ratio for Mulberry is: The net margin in 2011: 23010/121645*100%=18. 92 % The net margin in 2010: 4856/72052*100%=6. 74% Net margin is closely connected with gross margin. From the information above, we can see that during the last year, the gross margin of this company has increased. But the extant of the increase of net margin is higher than it of the gross margin.The most crucial factor result in the increase of operating profit is the operating profit before exceptional items. Details about those exceptional items can be found in Note 7 that a deferred consideration of ? 1,000,000 has been paid to Challice Limited in terms of the growth in the USA operations. Return on capital employed (2011:55. 54%; 2010:19. 26%) Return on capital employed shows the ability of the company to get rewards which can be added into its equity through company’s operating behaviors (Atrill and Mclaney, 2008)Return on capital employed: Operating profit / assets- current liabilities) * 100% Return on capital employed in 2011: 23010/ (76587-34555)*100%=55. 54 % Return on capital employed in 2010: 4856/ (40284-13819)*100%=19. 26% From the ratio above, it is easy to find that the return on capital has raised rapidly in last year, from 19. 26% to 55. 54%. ROCE increased not only because the growth in operating profit and raised asset which mainly contributed by increased inventories as a result of the demand of growing sales and trade receivables.The trade creditors as well as accruals and deferred income have been included in current liabilities since all of them could be paid within 12 months. Moreover, there are ? 1,000,000 provision for the USA deferred consideration, ? 3,900,000 relating to payroll and bonus payments made post year end cut off and ? 1,537,000 accruals for fixed assets happened in 2011 while there were all nil in 2010. 2. 1. 2 Efficiency Based on Collier’s study (2009), there are three core ratios that are usually used to analyse a company’s efficiency, they are asset turnover, stock turnover and sales per employee.The first two ratios are used to measure the efficiency of t he company’s operating of turning its property to generate marketing behaviors and sales, the sales per employee is try to evaluate the employees’ performance. Asset turnover (2011:5. 90x; 2010:6. 70x) Asset turnover: Sales / non-current assets, from it we can calculate: Asset turnover in 2011: 121645/20620=5. 90x Asset turnover in 2010: 72052/10760=6. 70x The asset turnover has slightly fallen, from 6. 70 to 5. 90. The drop of asset turnover indicates a less efficiency use of shareholders’ assets in terms of sales, although the revenue has increased dramatically.However, according to Note 16, it might because the investment in software of ? 615,000 which cost nil in 2010. It also can be interpreted that the return of investment can be effective and huge if invest on new stores or flagship, however, it could also be inefficient but significant return on investment if invest on software, such as ERP system, which might be expensive and need much more time to gain benefit from them. Stock turn (2011: 1. 9x; 2010:3. 3x) The main business of Mulberry is design and retail, according to Collier’s work (2009), stock turn is one of the most important ratio to evaluate the company’s management of its stock.Stock turn: Cost of sale / stock Stock turn in 2011: 42144/22408=1. 9x Stock turn in 2010: 29565/9090=3. 3x The stock turn in 2011 is lower than it in 2010. That means the stock of Mulberry turns 1. 9 times each year now. The considerably increase in inventories which related to the growing demand of sales of goods has contributed to the decline of stock turn. This ratio should be one of the most important ratios of it (Atrill and Mclaney, 2008). Stock turn stands for how many times the stock will turn in a year.Generally, it is important because some businesses treat too much stock as a waste of sources and a high stock turnover rate will usually be regarded as a sign of good management. Although in 2011, there is a decrease from 3 . 3 to 1. 9, it didn’t necessarily mean the company’s management of stock had some problems because the inventories of the company has increased rapidly as we discussed before. As a retailer, the inventories are very important to ensure its market position and the increase of inventories as a result of preparation for market exploring is reasonable. 2. . 3 Liquidity Atrill and Mclaney (2008) stated that the liquidity stands for the short-term finance ability of the company. The ratios that generally used to analyse liquidity are current ratio, and acid test. Current ratio (2011:1. 62x; 2010:2. 14x) First of all, current ratio stands for the proportion between current assets and current liabilities. It is used to analyse the company’s ability to repay its short-term liabilities. High current ratio means the company has enough property to cover its debt, if the current ratio was below 1, the company could be in danger.However, a too high current ratio might mean t he company doesn’t make full use of its property. Current ratio: Current assets / current liabilities Current ratio in 2011: 55967/34555=1. 62x Current ratio in 2010: 29524/13819=2. 14x According to Note 24, the decrease of current ratio mainly because of the current liabilities has increased more than current assets because of those trade payables in current liabilities that not exist in 2010. Acid test (2011:0. 97x; 2010:1. 48x) Acid test is a ratio which trying to evaluate the company’s monetary asset.Different from current ratio, acid test is focusing on whether the company can repay its short-term liabilities with its monetary assets. Acid test: Monetary current assets / current liabilities Acid test in 2011: 33519/34555=0. 97x Acid test in 2011: 20453/13819=1. 48x Because there is high level of inventory in 2011 in order to support the adequate amount of goods to be sale, it is not unacceptable that the monetary current assets without inventory are less than curr ent liabilities for this year. Furthermore, there are several trade payables occurred in 2011 while nil in 2010 in terms of Note 24. . 1. 4 Risk Interest cover (2011:531. 57x; 2010: 197. 00x) The interest cover has increased as a result of much higher profit since it can be seen in Note 22 that there is no changes in borrowings these two years. Therefore, it can be a good thing to shareholders that interest cover increased healthily. The confusing things we found in the annual report were that there is no debt within these two years, only borrowings can be taken into consideration the risk. The details about borrowings can be found in Note 22 that seems all the borrowings are repayable on demand.So, we can’t analyze the risk of this company through these ratios. The reasons why the company didn’t borrow long-term loans from banks and the advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed in risk management analysis and funding analysis part. The investor part will b e analysed in next part, in the form of buying shares. 2. 2 Evaluation of Mulberry’s shares as a potential investment Mulberry has experienced a significant growth in revenue from 2010 to 2011 and the basic earnings per share increased by 473% to 29. 8p while it was 5. 2p in 2010, both of which are shareholders would like to appreciate.Moreover, it might be out of question that those figures would attract a good deal of investment. However, it is always necessary to assess whether it is an appropriate timing to invest a company in terms of several financial indicators, such as, market value of equity, the P/E ratio (price earnings ratio), dividend yield as well as gearing (Fonseka and Tian, 2011). This part is going to critically interpret these indicators respectively after an overview on the fundamental financial circumstances and provide a suggestion for investment in the end. . 2. 1 Revenue and Share price |? ’m |2011 |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 | |Revenue |121,645 |72 ,052 |58,585 |51,174 |45,078 | |Share price (p) |1,333. 33 |183. 33 |64. 52 |133. 33 |187. 5 | (Table 1) Before conducting a thorough analysis of return and risk, it is worth reviewing Mulberry’s revenue for last five years.It can be seen from Table 1 that Mulberry has kept a sustainable growth in revenue since 2007, which indicates the optimistic picture of their financial condition. Furthermore, it is remarkable that Mulberry group performed satisfyingly as usual even when other organisation experienced a depressing year result from the financial crisis happened in 2009. [pic](Figure 1) However, comparing the FTSE All-Share, which is a market-capitalisation weighted index of all shares traded listed on the London Stock Exchange’s main market (Ince and Porter, 2006), Mulberry group’s share price has changed significantly since May 2011.As can be seen from Figure 1, the share price has increased dramatically after May in 2010 while the FTSE All-Share index has g one up slightly with fluctuation. [pic] (Figure 2) Furthermore, according to Figure 2, which clearly shows Mulberry’s share price combined with FTSE All-Share index from 2007 to May 2010, the performance of Mulberry basically enable the share price to track market all the time. Although the price touched bottom in 2009 due to the financial crisis, when there has been an uptrend in market between April in 2009 and April in 2010, Mulberry seemed to catch that opportunity and in April 2010, he price went up to the price peaked point in 2007. It is crucial to mention that the marketing strategy as well as the performance of Mulberry group has contributed most to the significant increase since the second half year of 2009. According to Mulberry’s annual report and financial statement for the year ended 31 March 2010, they have continuously invested their business both in the UK and internationally, using retained profit and cash flow.For example, the showrooms opened in New York and Paris could be successful attempts, both of which have played an important role in the growth of profit. In terms of the strategy has made an initial success, it can be assumed that there might be an unpredictable potential market share for Mulberry to explore. Actually, the assumption has been approved with the significant increase in revenue and share price for the next half year in 2010 and continued in 2011. [pic] (Figure 3) Figure 3 shows Mulberry’s one-year share price associated with FTSE All-Share index comparison starting with June in 2010.As can be seen from this chart, the price of Mulberry increased too enormously to see the change of FTSE All-Share index, which means Mulberry performed outstanding when the general financial background was not optimistic. Although it is rare to see the share price recover and grow in such a short time after the financial crisis, the increase of Mulberry’s might had already been predicted and both managers and shar eholders are confident enough to take more market share. Consequently, the ambitious attempts of opening 9 new stores and on-line shop during the next half year of 2010 have been achieved successfully.Fortunately, the dramatic revenue increase harvested by those new stores and flagship indicates the significant demand of Mulberry’s products and services existing in market. In addition, the remarkable performance attracts more investors. However, it is crucial for them to weigh if it is a good timing to invest even though the performance of Mulberry after the financial crisis is extraordinary brilliant. Thus a depth analysis in terms of both return and risk will be conducted in the following sections. 2. 2. 2 ReturnPrice / earnings ratio (P/E Ratio) Price earnings ratio indicates that the common stock of a company is priced in terms of the ability to generate earnings of this company. Meanwhile, it also can be used to examine whether a stock is cheap or expensive (Muresan and Wolitzer, 2001). |? ’m |2011 |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 | |P/E Ratio (adjusted)|45. 20 |27. 60 |14. 30 |22. 20 |23. 00 | (Table 2)Table 2 shows the adjusted P/E ratio of Mulberry between 2007 and 2011. Comparing with the persistence increase in revenue, the P/E ratio, which related to shareholders as well as potential investors, still has declined since 2008. However, the decrease is completely reasonable because the share price was influenced by the unpleasant economic circumstances. In addition, to some extent, it is the financial crisis that reminds Mulberry to consider expand their business internationally rather than focus on UK local market in order to distract risk.According to Mulberry’s five-year P/E ratio, the expansion strategy enables the company not only to recover from the financial crisis but also to double their share price. However, it is also indispensible to take the probability of continuous earnings growth into account, regardless of the appealing dou bled return indicated by the P/E ratio. In terms of Mulberry’s following strategy will concentrate on production capacity expansion to meet the growing demand, the considerable ability of generating earnings may be guaranteed and remained, even though it seems impossible to gain the similar incredible increase in revenue next year.Consequently, although Mulberry is a company worth investing since it has extraordinary performance in reacting to crisis, as well as the considerable demand for their products in the market, the best timing of investment in Mulberry has already lost. Market capitalisation (value of equity) The market value of equity is a measurement of present value of all future cash flows to shareholders from both assets and future investment opportunities (Adam and Goyal, 2008). It can be calculated by P/E ratio time earnings which is the profits after tax. |? m |2011 |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 | |Share price (p) |1,333. 33 |183. 33 |64. 52 |133. 33 |187. 5 | |Mark et value of equity |771. 11 |81. 97 |36. 89 |76. 37 |91. 54 | |P/E Ratio (adjusted) |45. 20 |27. 60 |14. 30 |22. 20 |23. 00 | |Profits after tax |17. 06 |2. 7 |2. 58 |3. 44 |3. 98 | |Equity |42. 03 |26. 47 |24. 38 |22. 52 |16. 87 | (Table 3) According to table 3, the market value of equity changed with share price instead of the number of equity. However, it is remarkable that even when the market value of equity decreased by half in 2009, it still surpassed the equity in that year. Additionally, with the dramatic growth in revenue, the market value of equity has increased by nearly 95% to 771. 1 million between 2010 and 2011, which gives the confidence not only to shareholders but also some potential investors. Nevertheless, if investors decided to invest Mulberry now, it is possible to have two results in terms of return. Firstly, investing for short-term, investors would buy shares with an extremely higher price than two years ago whereas the return would be incredibly smaller. S econdly, investors may harvest a steady return in a long-term investment and there might be another significant increase when Mulberry conducts some other expansion strategies.Dividend yield Dividend yield can be calculated by taking the dividend per share and divide by the share price. To analysis the investment opportunity with dividend yield, this part applies Burberry as a competitive objective. Even though Mulberry’s share price overweighed Burberry’s slightly in 2011, Burberry has a much longer history with high share price as in a same industry. Table 4 provides the share price, dividends per share as well as dividend yield for Mulberry and Table 5 shows Burberry’s. Mulberry group plc: |? m |2011 |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 | |Share price (p) |1,333. 33 |183. 33 |64. 52 |133. 33 |187. 5 | |Dividends per share |4. 00 |2. 20 |2. 00 |2. 00 |1. 50 | |(p) | | | | | | |Dividend yield |0. 30% |1. 20% |3. 10% |1. 50% |0. 0% | (Table 4) Burberry group plc: |? ’ m |2011 |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 | |Share price (p) |1,176. 47 |700 |279. 07 |444. 44 |656. 25 | |Dividends per share |20. 00 |14. 00 |12. 00 |12. 00 |10. 50 | |(p) | | | | | | |Dividend yield |1. 70% |2. 00% |4. 0% |2. 70% |1. 60% | (Table 5) With comparing Table 4 and Table 5, it is obviously that Mulberry has not adjusted their dividends instantly when the share price increased significantly, which results in the unpleasant dividend yield this year. In this circumstance, Burberry seems a wiser investing choice since the 5 times dividends per share of Mulberry’s, which will generate more returns for investors. However, Kothari and Shanken (1997) argues that a considerable increase in share price is possible to result in not only the large positive returns but a downward in yield as well.In addition, according to Akhigbe and Madura (1996), managers’ expectation to alter performance strategy would be a factor contributed to the dividend adjustment. Consequently, Mulberr y needs more time to balance share price and dividend. Burberry has been mature in its global marketing expansion, while Mulberry has just started to occupy its international market share, and therefore there are more potential opportunities for Mulberry’s global development. Thus, Mulberry could be the company suitable and profitable to be selected as a long-term investment. 2. 2. 3 Risk Gearing Gearing (%) |2011 |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 | |Mulberry |n/a |n/a |0. 54 |0. 14 |23. 05 | |Burberry |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a | |ASOS |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a | (Table 6) It seems strange that Mulberry does not have debt which results in the incalculable gearing.However, it is a common phenomenon in rag and accessories trade industry in terms of the gearings of the other two companies presented in Table 6 are unavailable. As a result, the risk of investment on Mulberry would be limited. However, considering the high share price this time, it would be a better decision to invest Mulberry for a long time instead of short time. 2. 3 Funding and capital analysis In this part, we are going to identify the sources of funds, analyse the capital structure of Mulberry Group PLC and try to evaluate its suitability.It is easy to witness from its balance sheet in 2011, the company did not have any non-current liabilities. This situation can be triggered by a wide range of reasons, we will try to figure them out in this essay. 2. 3. 1 Funding analysis To begin with, it is necessary to draw on the annual report of Mulberry Group PLC in 2007, and to compare the different data in the two years. According to Mulberry’s annual report, in 2007, the quantity of total non-current liabilities was ? 3. 99 million, composed by borrowings (? 1. 25 million), preference shares (? . 564 million), deferred tax liabilities (? 149 thousand), and obligations under finance leases (? 27 thousand). Therefore, the gearing in 2007 is 19%, which was quite low. So, the relevantly large proportio n of funds, used for maintaining the enterprise’s operation, was from internal financial resources. Besides, it also lowered the financial cost, which is used to pay the interest to the financial institutions. In terms of the cash flow in 2007, it was clearly stated in the balance sheet, the cash generated from operation was ? ,926 thousand and, after the corporation taxes, interest and preference dividends were paid, the net cash from operating activities was ? 5700 thousand. Afterwards, the primary use of cash lied in the investing activity, with ? 3,518 thousand. Finally, the cash and cash equivalents at the end of 2007 was ? 10,271 thousand, with a big increase of ? 2,989 thousand. This absolutely intensified the repayment ability and liquidity, when we compare this data with the number of non-current liabilities. Apart from that, the retained profit in this year surged from ? 4,562 thousand to ? ,186 thousand, acting as a significant role in the sources of funds (annual report 2008). By contrast, in 2011, the company had no non-current liabilities. So we use the current liabilities to calculate the gearing of this year, which is 45%. The cash generated from operation was ? 26,264 thousand and the net cash from operating activities was ? 22,724 thousand. At the end of 2011, the cash and cash equivalents fairly increased from ? 12,171 thousand to ? 21,373 thousand. The increase in raw materials (? 13,318 thousand) and purchases of property, plant and equipment (? 1,176 thousand) were the important components of cash outflow in this year. When it comes to retained earnings, the data increased by ? 16,080 thousand to ? 30,696 thousand. | |Gearing |Non-current liabilities |Net increase in cash and cash|Cash and cash equivalents at the end|Retained profits | | | | |equivalents |of the year | | |2007 |19% |? 3,990 thousand |? 2,989 thousand |? 0,271 thousand |? 8,186 thousand | |2011 |0 |0 |? 9,202 thousand |? 21,373 thousand |? 30,696 thousand | It is ob viously displayed in the table above that Mulberry’s sources of funds and the capital structure are greatly distinct from each other. The gearing of Mulberry in 2007 was 19% due to the existence of Non-current liabilities. By contrast, since there were no non-current liabilities at all in 2011, the gearing of Mulberry this year was 0.This definitely lowered the financial expenses which were incurred by bank loans, and the company did not need to face the financial risk triggered by bank loans as well. Furthermore, the operating profit in 2007 was ? 6,672 thousand and the interest payable of that year was ? 298 thousand, the interest cover ratio in 2007 was 22. 4 times. By contrast, due to the dramatic increase in operating profits (? 23,110 thousand) and the large drop in interest payables (? 44 thousand), the interest cover rate in 2011 became as high as 525. times. As Gillespie et al(2000) stated that high operating profits could be seen as the company has abilities to cont rol its costs effectively, or the volume of sales are increasing faster than operating cost. Currently, Mulberry has got a much better capacity in paying the interests to the financial institutions, those financial institutions may become more willing to lend money to Mulberry now. Although the retained profits in 2007 played an greatly important role as the major internal funds, but taking the non-current liabilities (? ,990 thousand) into consideration, the level of its significance is partly weakened when we compare it with the situation in 2011, because Mulberry currently just use retained profits as the primary source of their funds for operation. It is worthwhile to mention that, one of the Non-Executive Directors, Melissa Ong, who was appointed on 7 September 2010, her parents held about 57% voting rights of the company. Although it is not clarified in the annual report, we can easily deduct that her parents input a large amount of investment for Mulberry, which is also a mai n source of funding.Inventories acted as another source of funding in Mulberry. The stock turn of Mulberry in 2011 was 1. 88x, so the stock turn period was 194 days. The period was relatively long when we compare it with the one (130 days) in 2007, this was partly due to the striking increase in the quantities of inventories, from ? 6,688 thousand to ? 22,408 thousand. However, as mentioned in the annual report, the demand of the market surged in recent years, so the high level of stock is beneficial for Mulberry. When the company suffers from the shortage of cash, they can simply turn their large amount of stocks in to the form of cash.Apart from that, a relatively large proportion of inventories were occupied by the finished goods with ? 20,069 thousand. For Mulberry, which used internal funds as the major source of funding, the high level of inventories is reasonable. However, the reason why Mulberry stopped acquiring long-term funds from banks can be quite complex. As we all kne w, the overwhelming Subprime Crisis happened in the year of 2007,forcing a wide range of banks to close down, simultaneously the interest for applying for long-term loans from financial institutions rocketed since then. The telegraph 2007) This big trend of the economic environment might lead to Mulberry Group’s cease of issuing new loans from the bank. Also, there may be some other reasons. It is fairly clear in the table above, the net increase in cash and cash equivalents in 2011 is about 8 times more than 2007, the balance of cash and cash equivalents in 2011 is approximately 3 times more than the previous and the similar situation also happens in the retained profits and inventories of these two years.Therefore, it seems quite normal for Mulberry to cease the long-term creditors and use its retained profits, inventories and the short-term loans as their source of funds, which can also lower the financial expenses for the enterprise. 2. 3. 2 Working capital In order to fi gure out the suitability of the current financial structure, it is necessary to calculate the number of the working capital and the working capital cycle. Broadly speaking, working capital is a measure of capability for the company which can pay its debt in the short-term liability.It is certainly important to distinguish between positive and negative working capital (Dyson, 2011). The amount of the working capital is equal to the total amount of receivables, payables, stock of raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods. As what we mentioned above, we can calculate the working capital of Mulberry in 2011. Receivables: ? 12,186 thousand Payables: ? 11,949 thousand Stock of raw materials: ? 1,684 thousand Work-in-progress: ? 655 thousand Finished goods: ? 20,069 thousandIn 2011, the total working capital of Mulberry was ? 22,645 thousand. From the composition of the working capital, it is apparent that a comparably large amount was occupied by the form of inventories (? 22,408 thousand). As the manufacturer, designer and the seller of their own products, it is normal for Mulberry to hold such a proportion of working capital in the form of inventories, thereby meeting the needs of customers and quickly reacting against the sudden change of market’s demand, like the big increase in seasonal demand.When we compare the amount of working capital (? 22,645 thousand) and the retained profits (? 30,696 thousand), it seems that there are not any problems for Mulberry to cover the working capital with their retained earnings, due to the considerable gap between them. Taking the cash and cash equivalents (? 21,373), this indicates that the cash in Mulberry was allocated in operating activities appropriately and there was no idle cash existing in the company, which would lead to an opportunity cost to Mulberry.In terms of the working capital cycle, we need to draw on some other data from the income statement and the cash flow statement. Sales of goods: ? 121, 645 thousand Cost of sales: ? 42,144 thousand Material cost: ? 13,318 thousand Bought-in service: ? 11,176 thousand So the working capital cycle of Mulberry in 2011 was 85 days. The credit given cycle was 37 days, comparatively a short period when we compare it with the data of credit taken cycle (178 days). This means that Mulberry just spent 37 days getting the cash back for the portion of which was sold to customers on credit.Also, it could guarantee that Mulberry got enough time to enhance the balance of cash, in order to cover the following trade payables and avoid the running out of cash at the mean time. In another aspect, the liquidity of Mulberry was intensified at the same time as well. However, if we take the company’s long-term strategy into consideration, keeping more cash is not the bad thing for Mulberry, as stated in the annual report, they are planning to continually expand the international market and opening more and more retailing and flagship stores throu ghout the world. Expansion at such a fast rate may call for a large amount of cash.So, even though there are no problems at all currently for Mulberry to utilize retained profits and short-term creditors as the only source of their funds, issuing some long-term funds, like bank loans, will not bring any disadvantages, although this may incur some charges on financial expenses. From the long-term perspective, it will be beneficial for the company to get some long-term and stable external funds, thereby avoiding the shortage of cash and funds during the process of expansion. 2. 4 Risk management and governance 2. 4. 1 Corporate governance of MulberryAt the beginning of the corporate governance part, the company states itself as an AIM (Alternative Investment Market) member and complying with the Corporate Governance Code is not required (Mulberry, 2011). AIM is a second board enables smaller  companies  to  float  shares with more flexible stipulations (Tricker, 2009). Still, Mulberry follows the fundamental principles of the code (Mulberry, 2011), and importantly, they fit the code contents with their individual situations. Based on this state, our analysis still follows the UK Corporate Governance Code primarily and detects any issues contrary to the code.Besides, comments and debates are connected with the company’s own factors. In the board of Mulberry, the chairman and CEO is the same person. This person, named Godfrey Davis, has been in charge of this company for nearly ten years from November 2002. This setting goes against the UK Combined Code which states, â€Å"The role of chairman and chief executive should not be exercised by the same individual† (the UK Corporate Governance Code, 2010:13). In this case, we doubt that if Godfrey’s power is over-concentrated, which makes him have too strong influence on decision making process in the board (Goyal and Park, 2002).Consequently, strategies may be generated subjectively. Howev er, a specific explanation is not given in the report. Instead, they only point out several criteria of director selection should be carefully assessed, as a way of reduce the possibility of the problems addressed above. But actually, this state explains nothing about the problem, which conversely doubles our doubts. Next, the numbers of Executive Directors and Non-executive Directors are unbalanced, with five Non-executive Directors and only two Executive Directors.The five Non-executive Directors are not entitled to govern company routine affairs and the specific running plans while these two Executive Directors actually do (Mallin, 2004). Hence it is doubtful that if these two people really execute independently or just execute generally. Moreover, combining the fact of Godfrey Davis’s acting as both chairman and CEO, it especially intensifies our thought on the existence of subjective decision making process (Mallin, 2004), or even the over-centralized management in the c ompany.On the other hand, these outside directors, instead of actually contributing to the company’s strategy and policy making relating to its performance, they are actually â€Å"pushed into a conformance and compliance mode† (Tricker, 2009) and do not take much positive effect. Conversely, McKinsey (2002) debates that a sensible structure is combined with a majority of Non-executive directors because they are indeed independent and can result in an effective evaluation. On the other hand, it is found in the profile of directors that, both the executives have the FCA background.Obviously, it enables them to detect and control the financial risk better, by using their financial knowledge (Dionne and Triki, 2005). Conversely, we may also suspect they are fully capable to use professional financial tricks to disguise the poorer performance areas, and at the same time, make their stewardship looks proper. On the other side, according to the UK corporate governance code ( 2010), audit committee is required to monitor the financial performance and check the company’s risk assessment.Chris Robert, the chairman of the Audit Committee, as another financially educated director, suits the requirement of responsibilities stated in the code. Considering the independence of Non-executives, several problems which may raise suspicions are found referring to the code. Firstly, all the Non-executives except Melissa Ong, have been appointed for more than 6 years. Especially Robin Gibson, this person has been in this position for more than 14 years since 1996. These facts raise some questions about the independence of the board and no explanations are given by Mulberry.Additionally, both Steven Grapstein and Bernard Lam Kong Heng are presently serving in Como Holding Group, though in different subsidiary company. This relationship particularly could pose a negative impact on the independent base (Mallin, 2004). Thirdly, Melissa Ong, who is quite young at 37, was newly appointed in 2010. This lady does not directly hold any shares for Mulberry, however, her parents are â€Å"beneficially interested approximately 57% of the Company’s total voting rights† (Mulberry, 2010:14). In other words, Melissa though not own the huge amount of share, she’s actually represent a significant shareholder indirectly.In contrast, according to the code (UK corporate governance code, 2010), some aspects are shown to enhance independence of the Non-executives. For example, no bonus was paid for these Non-executives during the year and none of them was included in the company’s pension contributions (Mulberry, 2011). The company’s internal ‘watchdogs’, three recommended sub-committees (Audit, Remuneration and Nomination) (Pierce, Personal Communication, 2011) are established by Mulberry, with a combination of Remuneration and Nomination body.Additionally, both committees are chaired by Non-executives and effects of the committees are related to the independence of these Non-executives (Mallin, 2004) which has been discussed above. Moreover, the responsibility appointing is reasonably complying with the code (2010). In specific, the Audit Committee is entitled to check issues regarding to the company’s financial affairs, while Nominations and Remuneration is responsible for employment terms and conditions and the remuneration (Mulberry, 2011).However, the numbers and identities of other committee members are not mentioned in the report, which interfere our assessment of Mulberry sub-committee structure and quality. 2. 4. 1 Risk & control management In this part, COSO Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO, 1994) is sited as the principal structure to consider Mulberry’s risk control and management. Control Environment A formal system is required make sure the risks are appropriately evaluated and controlled in board level (Tricker, 2009). It is manifested in the report that the Board is fully responsible for Mulberry’s internal risk (Mulberry, 2011).Specifically, Directors pay great attentions to the control throughout the comprehensive aspects of the company’s business running and make it available in practice. These states, though quite simple with only few sentences, clarify the Board’s serious attitude to risk control. Additionally, increasing literature viewpoints in recent years call for â€Å"a formal system to ensure that risk is properly assessed board to give assurances that systems are in place to handle corporate risk in their regular corporate governance reports to shareholders† (Tricker, 2009:328).For Mulberry, the control system was established and the report model well fit the requested as mentioned. Specifically, the control system mainly consists of subsystems including budgeting, actual running results comparison, forecast and review (Mulberry, 2011). Also, the information is reported to shareh olders twice a year (Mulberry, 2011). Risk assessment and control activity First of all, as a result of continuous recession in the UK economy which leads to sales reduce in domestic market, Mulberry considers relieving from the decrease risk by international expansion (Mulberry, 2011).It is reasonable that they concern about the negative impact of recession in the UK (OECD, 2010). However, it seems lack considered by their merely switching to international market because the international market is much more complex with various risks involved (Hollensen, 2006), for example, local regulation limitations, economic environment in foreign market, competitors, customer preference diversity and so on (Kotler, 1994). Also, failure of the global risk transfer may occur that leads to even serious financial crisis for Mulberry. Secondly, terrorist attack, as regarded a principle risk by Mulberry, is related to warehouse disruption.The company tries to prevent it by developing â€Å"a busin ess continuity plan† (Mulberry, 2010). However, it is illogical to take terrorist attack as a major risk, which is a rarely happened incident. Moreover, there is no any further explanation about the so called ‘business continuity plan’ solution. Conversely, an improved warehouse control and management system accompanying an emergency program may be a better approach to prevent the risk. Besides, the risk may be more sensible to be associated with stock disruption or supply chain failure (Aon, 2007) rather than terrorist attack as is stated.On the other hand, key personnel loss is mentioned in the report with simple solutions of remuneration review and succession preparation. However, either the reasons or the details are not revealed. So it is uncertain that if the methods are valid or not. For example, if the loss was caused by unreasonable decision making caused by the arbitrary executive as we mentioned above, then either these ways can hardly solve the problem . As to the online system establishment and accomplishment, Mulberry involves more senior managers for supervising and impose carefully test to reduce the risk of system implement failure which is quite reasonable.With increased attention paid by senior managers, staffs in relative department will do the task more carefully. Also, comprehensive test further guarantees the system implemented successfully. Finally, it is mentioned in the report that the company intends to solve the risk by building a ‘natural hedge of Euro and US Dollar denominated sales and purchases’ (Mulberry, 2011:12). This sector involves professional knowledge about the currency policies and financial operating. Unfortunately, we are lack of knowledge in this area. Hence we would not analyse this issue in depth. . 4. 3 Information and Communication The company includes an information and reporting subsystem in the integrated internal control procedure (Mulberry, 2011), which obviously, is used for c ollecting and conveying relative information. Furthermore, since the internal control is taken charge by the Board at the top of the company’s management layer, it is essential to ensure the effectiveness of information collecting and communication in time according to COSO framework (1994). However, relative details are not mentioned for the assessment and herefore, the facts for the effectiveness are unsure. 2. 4. 4 Monitoring According to COSO Framework (1994), there are two approached for monitoring, one is undertaking it along with the ongoing activities, the other is put it into a separate process. Mulberry adopts the later approach by putting the monitoring process separately. However, a combination of both approaches is recommended in COSO framework (1994), in order to ensure the effect of internal control. In other words, it can be more sensible for Mulberry to develop monitoring affairs in the whole business running procedure.Moreover, the internal audit is function ed by the Board (Mulberry, 2011), for which the details are not given in the report. For example, factors like how the deficiencies been detected and conveyed upstream to the Board are not revealed. Thus the monitoring effect of Mulberry internal control can not be evaluated comprehensively through the report itself. 3. Conclusion From the information above, we can see Mulberry made efforts for market place on the Uk market during the year of 2010 to 2011 and managed each aspect of overseas development.In 2010, Mulberry has become aggressive in invest oversea markets and online stores. As a result, the income of Mulberry has created its new page for share price. 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